Primality Testing
نویسنده
چکیده
Prime numbers are extremely useful, and are an essential input to many algorithms in large part due to the algebraic structure of arithmetic modulo a prime. In everyday life, perhaps the most frequent use for prime numbers is in RSA encryption, which requires quite large primes (typically≥ 128-bits long). Fortunately, there are lots of primes—for large n, the probability that a random integer less than n is prime is roughly 1/ log n. (All logarithms are to the base e unless otherwise noted.) Rather tight bounds on the density of primes are known, and have been improved over the past century:
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